- Basra is a city in southern Iraq, located on the western bank of the Shatt al-Arab river. It is the capital of Basra Governorate and is the country's third largest city. Basra has a rich history, dating back to ancient Mesopotamian civilizations. It was a major port in the medieval Islamic world and a center of trade and cultural exchange. Today, Basra is an important economic hub, known for its oil industry, as it is located near several major oil fields. The city has a diverse population, with Arabs, Kurds, and other ethnic groups residing there. Basra also has a number of historical landmarks and attractions, including the Basra Museum, Basra Grand Mosque, and the Basra Corniche.